Beni Hasan Tombs

The graves of local leaders at Beni Hasan are among the best-preserved Middle Kingdom tombs. The most complex examples, such as Khnumhotep II's tomb from the 12th Dynasty, include a shallow columnar porch that leads into a columned hall and then into a burial chamber with rock-cut sculptures of the deceased in niches and frescoes and painted reliefs on the walls. The columns in the hall of Amenemhet's tomb, like the porch columns, have no supporting purpose because they are continuous portions of the rock fabric. The column shafts include flutes, similar to those seen in Djoser's funerary precinct at Saqqara's entry hallway. The Beni Hasan columns are perfected versions of Imhotep's earlier columns, which nonetheless resemble reed bundles. The columns of the Middle Kingdom are quite similar to later Greek columns of the Doric style, and there is no question that the Greeks were aware of and copied many features of Egyptian architecture. Archaeologists think that the fluting on the Beni Hasan column shafts was created by carving softwood trunks with the rounded cutting edge of an adze.